Technology And Employment by unknow

Author:unknow
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780367305116
Barnesnoble:
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2021-05-31T00:00:00+00:00

The Impact of Education on Hiring Requirements and Mobility Ladders

The first factor behind the transformation in hiring and mobility opportunities—the postwar expansion of the schooling and higher educational system—was slow in the making but nevertheless irreversible. It was largely a case of supply changes leading to demand changes. By changing the makeup of the labor supply, the expansion of the educational system put pressure on all firms to adjust their hiring procedures to the new availabilities of a labor supply increasingly differentiated by grades and types of education. For example, whereas only slightly more than 10 percent of those between ages 25 and 29 had received four years or more of college education in 1960, by 1980 their share had risen to nearly a fourth.

The expansion of formal education led to a major shift to outside hiring, first felt most strongly at the level of professional and managerial personnel—the so-called "exempt workers." One consequence was the weakening of some traditional internal ladders, especially those designed to move the ablest workers from nonexempt positions into supervisory and middle managerial positions. No longer could a sales clerk expect to become a buyer for a major retailing organization or a messenger expect to become an insurance executive by simply moving through the ranks. Rather, most companies began recruiting exempt workers directly from college.13 In that respect, the 1970s represent somewhat of a turning point as the cumulative effect of several decades of expansion of the educational systems and the coming of age of the baby boomers were finally being felt massively on the supply side of the labor market.

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